Use of Math Tools

Research from RTI or MTSS in Kansas states clearly that CRAapproach promotes strong understanding.  As students are learning new concepts they should begin with a Concrete experience.  This hands-on experience may include manipulatives or other concrete tools.  Teachers should then, as students are ready, move them to a representation of the concept.  This could be with the use of a graphic organizer or drawing a picture.  The teacher is waiting and facilitating discussion to then move the student to the abstract representation of the concept.  All students move through this CRA approach at different times.  It takes a skilled teacher to move each child through this approach on each new concept.    Representation is one of five process standards that NCTM encourages for deeper understanding.